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id="cpython-language-and-version">172 <a href="../index.html">3.15.0a6 Documentation</a> »173 </li>174 175 <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>176 <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="filesys.html" accesskey="U">File and Directory Access</a> »</li>177 <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fnmatch</span></code> — Unix filename pattern matching</a></li>178 <li class="right">179 180 181 <div class="inline-search" role="search">182 <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">183 <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box">184 <input type="submit" value="Go">185 </form>186 </div>187 |188 </li>189 <li class="right">190<label class="theme-selector-label">191 Theme192 <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">193 <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>194 <option value="light">Light</option>195 <option value="dark">Dark</option>196 </select>197</label> |</li>198 199 </ul>200 </div> 201 202 <div class="document">203 <div class="documentwrapper">204 <div class="bodywrapper">205 <div class="body" role="main">206 207 <section id="module-fnmatch">208<span id="fnmatch-unix-filename-pattern-matching"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fnmatch</span></code> — Unix filename pattern matching<a class="headerlink" href="#module-fnmatch" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>209<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Lib/fnmatch.py">Lib/fnmatch.py</a></p>210<span id="index-0"></span><hr class="docutils" id="index-1" />211<p>This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are <em>not</em> the212same as regular expressions (which are documented in the <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#module-re" title="re: Regular expression operations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re</span></code></a> module). The213special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:</p>214<table class="docutils align-default" id="index-2">215<thead>216<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Pattern</p></th>217<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>218</tr>219</thead>220<tbody>221<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code></p></td>222<td><p>matches everything</p></td>223</tr>224<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">?</span></code></p></td>225<td><p>matches any single character</p></td>226</tr>227<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[seq]</span></code></p></td>228<td><p>matches any character in <em>seq</em></p></td>229</tr>230<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[!seq]</span></code></p></td>231<td><p>matches any character not in <em>seq</em></p></td>232</tr>233</tbody>234</table>235<p>For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets.236For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'[?]'</span></code> matches the character <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'?'</span></code>.</p>237<p id="index-3">Note that the filename separator (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'/'</span></code> on Unix) is <em>not</em> special to this238module. See module <a class="reference internal" href="glob.html#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code></a> for pathname expansion (<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code> uses239<a class="reference internal" href="#fnmatch.filter" title="fnmatch.filter"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter()</span></code></a> to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with240a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">*</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">?</span></code>241patterns.</p>242<p>Unless stated otherwise, “filename string” and “pattern string” either refer to243<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ISO-8859-1</span></code> encoded <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> objects. Note that the244functions documented below do not allow to mix a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code> pattern with245a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> filename, and vice-versa.</p>246<p>Finally, note that <a class="reference internal" href="functools.html#functools.lru_cache" title="functools.lru_cache"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">functools.lru_cache()</span></code></a> with a <em>maxsize</em> of 32768247is used to cache the (typed) compiled regex patterns in the following248functions: <a class="reference internal" href="#module-fnmatch" title="fnmatch: Unix shell style filename pattern matching."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fnmatch()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fnmatch.fnmatchcase" title="fnmatch.fnmatchcase"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fnmatchcase()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fnmatch.filter" title="fnmatch.filter"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filter()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fnmatch.filterfalse" title="fnmatch.filterfalse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filterfalse()</span></code></a>.</p>249<dl class="py function">250<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fnmatch.fnmatch">251<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fnmatch.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fnmatch</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pat</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.fnmatch" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>252<dd><p>Test whether the filename string <em>name</em> matches the pattern string <em>pat</em>,253returning <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>. Both parameters are case-normalized254using <a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.normcase" title="os.path.normcase"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.normcase()</span></code></a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#fnmatch.fnmatchcase" title="fnmatch.fnmatchcase"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fnmatchcase()</span></code></a> can be used to perform a255case-sensitive comparison, regardless of whether that’s standard for the256operating system.</p>257<p>This example will print all file names in the current directory with the258extension <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.txt</span></code>:</p>259<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fnmatch</span>260<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">os</span>261 262<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">listdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'.'</span><span class="p">):</span>263 <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">fnmatch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fnmatch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'*.txt'</span><span class="p">):</span>264 <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">)</span>265</pre></div>266</div>267</dd></dl>268 269<dl class="py function">270<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fnmatch.fnmatchcase">271<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fnmatch.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fnmatchcase</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pat</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.fnmatchcase" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>272<dd><p>Test whether the filename string <em>name</em> matches the pattern string <em>pat</em>,273returning <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>;274the comparison is case-sensitive and does not apply <a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#os.path.normcase" title="os.path.normcase"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.normcase()</span></code></a>.</p>275</dd></dl>276 277<dl class="py function">278<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fnmatch.filter">279<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fnmatch.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">names</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pat</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.filter" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>280<dd><p>Construct a list from those elements of the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterable"><span class="xref std std-term">iterable</span></a> of filename281strings <em>names</em> that match the pattern string <em>pat</em>.282It is the same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[n</span> <span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">n</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">names</span> <span class="pre">if</span> <span class="pre">fnmatch(n,</span> <span class="pre">pat)]</span></code>,283but implemented more efficiently.</p>284</dd></dl>285 286<dl class="py function">287<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fnmatch.filterfalse">288<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fnmatch.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filterfalse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">names</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pat</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.filterfalse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>289<dd><p>Construct a list from those elements of the <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterable"><span class="xref std std-term">iterable</span></a> of filename290strings <em>names</em> that do not match the pattern string <em>pat</em>.291It is the same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[n</span> <span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">n</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">names</span> <span class="pre">if</span> <span class="pre">not</span> <span class="pre">fnmatch(n,</span> <span class="pre">pat)]</span></code>,292but implemented more efficiently.</p>293<div class="versionadded">294<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.14.</span></p>295</div>296</dd></dl>297 298<dl class="py function">299<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fnmatch.translate">300<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fnmatch.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">translate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">pat</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fnmatch.translate" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>301<dd><p>Return the shell-style pattern <em>pat</em> converted to a regular expression for302using with <a class="reference internal" href="re.html#re.match" title="re.match"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">re.match()</span></code></a>. The pattern is expected to be a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></a>.</p>303<p>Example:</p>304<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fnmatch</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">re</span>305<span class="gp">>>></span>306<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">regex</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fnmatch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">translate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'*.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>307<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">regex</span>308<span class="go">'(?s:.*\\.txt)\\z'</span>309<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">reobj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">compile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">regex</span><span class="p">)</span>310<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">reobj</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foobar.txt'</span><span class="p">)</span>311<span class="go"><re.Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'></span>312</pre></div>313</div>314</dd></dl>315 316<div class="admonition seealso">317<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>318<dl class="simple">319<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="glob.html#module-glob" title="glob: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Unix shell-style path expansion.</p>320</dd>321</dl>322</div>323</section>324 325 326 <div class="clearer"></div>327 </div>328 </div>329 </div>330 <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main">331 <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">332 <div>333 <h4>Previous topic</h4>334 <p class="topless"><a href="glob.html"335 title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">glob</span></code> — Unix style pathname pattern expansion</a></p>336 </div>337 <div>338 <h4>Next topic</h4>339 <p class="topless"><a href="linecache.html"340 title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">linecache</span></code> — Random access to text lines</a></p>341 </div>342 <script>343 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {344 const title = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]').content;345 const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.improvepage');346 const pageurl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];347 elements.forEach(element => {348 const url = new URL(element.href.split('?')[0].replace("-nojs", ""));349 url.searchParams.set('pagetitle', title);350 url.searchParams.set('pageurl', pageurl);351 url.searchParams.set('pagesource', "library/fnmatch.rst");352 element.href = url.toString();353 });354 });355 </script>356 <div role="note" aria-label="source link">357 <h3>This page</h3>358 <ul class="this-page-menu">359 <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a bug</a></li>360 <li><a class="improvepage" href="../improve-page-nojs.html">Improve this page</a></li>361 <li>362 <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Doc/library/fnmatch.rst?plain=1"363 rel="nofollow">Show source364 </a>365 </li>366 367 </ul>368 </div>369 </div>370<div id="sidebarbutton" title="Collapse sidebar">371<span>«</span>372</div>373 374 </div>375 <div class="clearer"></div>376 </div> 377 <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related">378 <h3>Navigation</h3>379 <ul>380 <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">381 <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"382 >index</a></li>383 <li class="right" >384 <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"385 >modules</a> |</li>386 <li class="right" >387 <a href="linecache.html" title="linecache — Random access to text lines"388 >next</a> |</li>389 <li class="right" >390 <a href="glob.html" title="glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion"391 >previous</a> |</li>392 393 <li><img src="../_static/py.svg" alt="Python logo" style="vertical-align: middle; 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