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class="pre">grp</span></code> — The group database</a></p>118 </div>119 <div>120 <h4>Next topic</h4>121 <p class="topless"><a href="tty.html"122 title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tty</span></code> — Terminal control functions</a></p>123 </div>124 <script>125 document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {126 const title = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]').content;127 const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.improvepage');128 const pageurl = window.location.href.split('?')[0];129 elements.forEach(element => {130 const url = new URL(element.href.split('?')[0].replace("-nojs", ""));131 url.searchParams.set('pagetitle', title);132 url.searchParams.set('pageurl', pageurl);133 url.searchParams.set('pagesource', "library/termios.rst");134 element.href = url.toString();135 });136 });137 </script>138 <div role="note" aria-label="source link">139 <h3>This page</h3>140 <ul class="this-page-menu">141 <li><a 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margin-top: -1px"></li>173 <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>174 <li class="switchers">175 <div class="language_switcher_placeholder"></div>176 <div class="version_switcher_placeholder"></div>177 </li>178 <li>179 180 </li>181 <li id="cpython-language-and-version">182 <a href="../index.html">3.15.0a6 Documentation</a> »183 </li>184 185 <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>186 <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" accesskey="U">Unix-specific services</a> »</li>187 <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> — POSIX style tty control</a></li>188 <li class="right">189 190 191 <div class="inline-search" role="search">192 <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">193 <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box">194 <input type="submit" value="Go">195 </form>196 </div>197 |198 </li>199 <li class="right">200<label class="theme-selector-label">201 Theme202 <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">203 <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>204 <option value="light">Light</option>205 <option value="dark">Dark</option>206 </select>207</label> |</li>208 209 </ul>210 </div> 211 212 <div class="document">213 <div class="documentwrapper">214 <div class="bodywrapper">215 <div class="body" role="main">216 217 <section id="module-termios">218<span id="termios-posix-style-tty-control"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> — POSIX style tty control<a class="headerlink" href="#module-termios" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>219<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />220<p>This module provides an interface to the POSIX calls for tty I/O control. For a221complete description of these calls, see <em class="manpage"><a class="manpage reference external" href="https://manpages.debian.org/termios(3)">termios(3)</a></em> Unix manual222page. It is only available for those Unix versions that support POSIX223<em>termios</em> style tty I/O control configured during installation.</p>224<div class="availability docutils container">225<p><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html#availability"><span class="std std-ref">Availability</span></a>: Unix.</p>226</div>227<p>All functions in this module take a file descriptor <em>fd</em> as their first228argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by229<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin.fileno()</span></code>, or a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><span class="xref std std-term">file object</span></a>, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code> itself.</p>230<p>This module also defines all the constants needed to work with the functions231provided here; these have the same name as their counterparts in C. Please232refer to your system documentation for more information on using these terminal233control interfaces.</p>234<p>The module defines the following functions:</p>235<dl class="py function">236<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcgetattr">237<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcgetattr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>238<dd><p>Return a list containing the tty attributes for file descriptor <em>fd</em>, as239follows: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[iflag,</span> <span class="pre">oflag,</span> <span class="pre">cflag,</span> <span class="pre">lflag,</span> <span class="pre">ispeed,</span> <span class="pre">ospeed,</span> <span class="pre">cc]</span></code> where <em>cc</em> is a240list of the tty special characters (each a string of length 1, except the241items with indices <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VMIN</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VTIME</span></code>, which are integers when242these fields are defined). The interpretation of the flags and the speeds as243well as the indexing in the <em>cc</em> array must be done using the symbolic244constants defined in the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> module.</p>245</dd></dl>246 247<dl class="py function">248<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsetattr">249<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsetattr</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">when</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">attributes</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsetattr" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>250<dd><p>Set the tty attributes for file descriptor <em>fd</em> from the <em>attributes</em>, which is251a list like the one returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="termios.tcgetattr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetattr()</span></code></a>. The <em>when</em> argument252determines when the attributes are changed:</p>253<dl class="py data">254<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSANOW">255<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSANOW</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSANOW" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>256<dd><p>Change attributes immediately.</p>257</dd></dl>258 259<dl class="py data">260<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSADRAIN">261<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSADRAIN</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSADRAIN" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>262<dd><p>Change attributes after transmitting all queued output.</p>263</dd></dl>264 265<dl class="py data">266<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.TCSAFLUSH">267<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">TCSAFLUSH</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.TCSAFLUSH" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>268<dd><p>Change attributes after transmitting all queued output and269discarding all queued input.</p>270</dd></dl>271 272</dd></dl>273 274<dl class="py function">275<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsendbreak">276<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsendbreak</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">duration</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsendbreak" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>277<dd><p>Send a break on file descriptor <em>fd</em>. A zero <em>duration</em> sends a break for2780.25–0.5 seconds; a nonzero <em>duration</em> has a system dependent meaning.</p>279</dd></dl>280 281<dl class="py function">282<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcdrain">283<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcdrain</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcdrain" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>284<dd><p>Wait until all output written to file descriptor <em>fd</em> has been transmitted.</p>285</dd></dl>286 287<dl class="py function">288<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcflush">289<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcflush</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">queue</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcflush" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>290<dd><p>Discard queued data on file descriptor <em>fd</em>. The <em>queue</em> selector specifies291which queue: <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIFLUSH</span></code> for the input queue, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOFLUSH</span></code> for the292output queue, or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIOFLUSH</span></code> for both queues.</p>293</dd></dl>294 295<dl class="py function">296<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcflow">297<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcflow</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">action</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcflow" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>298<dd><p>Suspend or resume input or output on file descriptor <em>fd</em>. The <em>action</em>299argument can be <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOOFF</span></code> to suspend output, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCOON</span></code> to restart300output, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCIOFF</span></code> to suspend input, or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TCION</span></code> to restart input.</p>301</dd></dl>302 303<dl class="py function">304<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcgetwinsize">305<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcgetwinsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcgetwinsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>306<dd><p>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(ws_row,</span> <span class="pre">ws_col)</span></code> containing the tty window size for file307descriptor <em>fd</em>. Requires <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGWINSZ</span></code> or308<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGSIZE</span></code>.</p>309<div class="versionadded">310<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>311</div>312</dd></dl>313 314<dl class="py function">315<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="termios.tcsetwinsize">316<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">termios.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tcsetwinsize</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">fd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">winsize</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#termios.tcsetwinsize" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>317<dd><p>Set the tty window size for file descriptor <em>fd</em> from <em>winsize</em>, which is318a two-item tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(ws_row,</span> <span class="pre">ws_col)</span></code> like the one returned by319<a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetwinsize" title="termios.tcgetwinsize"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetwinsize()</span></code></a>. Requires at least one of the pairs320(<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGWINSZ</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCSWINSZ</span></code>);321(<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCGSIZE</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios.TIOCSSIZE</span></code>) to be defined.</p>322<div class="versionadded">323<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.11.</span></p>324</div>325</dd></dl>326 327<div class="admonition seealso">328<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>329<dl class="simple">330<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="tty.html#module-tty" title="tty: Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tty</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Convenience functions for common terminal control operations.</p>331</dd>332</dl>333</div>334<section id="example">335<span id="termios-example"></span><h2>Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>336<p>Here’s a function that prompts for a password with echoing turned off. Note the337technique using a separate <a class="reference internal" href="#termios.tcgetattr" title="termios.tcgetattr"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tcgetattr()</span></code></a> call and a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#try"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try</span></code></a> …338<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#finally"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finally</span></code></a> statement to ensure that the old tty attributes are restored339exactly no matter what happens:</p>340<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">getpass</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Password: "</span><span class="p">):</span>341 <span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">termios</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">sys</span>342 <span class="n">fd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fileno</span><span class="p">()</span>343 <span class="n">old</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcgetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span>344 <span class="n">new</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcgetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">)</span>345 <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="o">~</span><span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ECHO</span> <span class="c1"># lflags</span>346 <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>347 <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcsetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TCSADRAIN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">new</span><span class="p">)</span>348 <span class="n">passwd</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">)</span>349 <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>350 <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tcsetattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fd</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TCSADRAIN</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">old</span><span class="p">)</span>351 <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">passwd</span>352</pre></div>353</div>354</section>355</section>356 357 358 <div class="clearer"></div>359 </div>360 </div>361 </div>362 <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main">363 <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">364 <div>365 <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>366 <ul>367<li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> — POSIX style tty control</a><ul>368<li><a class="reference internal" href="#example">Example</a></li>369</ul>370</li>371</ul>372 373 </div>374 <div>375 <h4>Previous topic</h4>376 <p class="topless"><a href="grp.html"377 title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span 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