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notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.robotparser</span></code> — Parser for robots.txt</a></li>178 <li class="right">179 180 181 <div class="inline-search" role="search">182 <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">183 <input placeholder="Quick search" aria-label="Quick search" type="search" name="q" id="search-box">184 <input type="submit" value="Go">185 </form>186 </div>187 |188 </li>189 <li class="right">190<label class="theme-selector-label">191 Theme192 <select class="theme-selector" oninput="activateTheme(this.value)">193 <option value="auto" selected>Auto</option>194 <option value="light">Light</option>195 <option value="dark">Dark</option>196 </select>197</label> |</li>198 199 </ul>200 </div> 201 202 <div class="document">203 <div class="documentwrapper">204 <div class="bodywrapper">205 <div class="body" role="main">206 207 <section id="module-urllib.robotparser">208<span id="urllib-robotparser-parser-for-robots-txt"></span><h1><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.robotparser</span></code> — Parser for robots.txt<a class="headerlink" href="#module-urllib.robotparser" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>209<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="extlink-source reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/main/Lib/urllib/robotparser.py">Lib/urllib/robotparser.py</a></p>210<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />211<p>This module provides a single class, <a class="reference internal" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></code></a>, which answers212questions about whether or not a particular user agent can fetch a URL on the213website that published the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file. For more details on the214structure of <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> files, see <a class="reference external" href="http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html">http://www.robotstxt.org/orig.html</a>.</p>215<dl class="py class">216<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser">217<em class="property"><span class="k"><span class="pre">class</span></span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">urllib.robotparser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">''</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>218<dd><p>This class provides methods to read, parse and answer questions about the219<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file at <em>url</em>.</p>220<dl class="py method">221<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.set_url">222<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_url</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.set_url" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>223<dd><p>Sets the URL referring to a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file.</p>224</dd></dl>225 226<dl class="py method">227<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.read">228<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.read" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>229<dd><p>Reads the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> URL and feeds it to the parser.</p>230</dd></dl>231 232<dl class="py method">233<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.parse">234<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">parse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">lines</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.parse" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>235<dd><p>Parses the lines argument.</p>236</dd></dl>237 238<dl class="py method">239<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.can_fetch">240<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">can_fetch</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">useragent</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.can_fetch" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>241<dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the <em>useragent</em> is allowed to fetch the <em>url</em>242according to the rules contained in the parsed <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code>243file.</p>244</dd></dl>245 246<dl class="py method">247<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.mtime">248<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">mtime</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.mtime" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>249<dd><p>Returns the time the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file was last fetched. This is250useful for long-running web spiders that need to check for new251<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> files periodically.</p>252</dd></dl>253 254<dl class="py method">255<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.modified">256<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">modified</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.modified" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>257<dd><p>Sets the time the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> file was last fetched to the current258time.</p>259</dd></dl>260 261<dl class="py method">262<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.crawl_delay">263<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">crawl_delay</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">useragent</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.crawl_delay" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>264<dd><p>Returns the value of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Crawl-delay</span></code> parameter from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code>265for the <em>useragent</em> in question. If there is no such parameter or it266doesn’t apply to the <em>useragent</em> specified or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> entry267for this parameter has invalid syntax, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>268<div class="versionadded">269<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.6.</span></p>270</div>271</dd></dl>272 273<dl class="py method">274<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.request_rate">275<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">request_rate</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">useragent</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.request_rate" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>276<dd><p>Returns the contents of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Request-rate</span></code> parameter from277<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> as a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-named-tuple"><span class="xref std std-term">named tuple</span></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RequestRate(requests,</span> <span class="pre">seconds)</span></code>.278If there is no such parameter or it doesn’t apply to the <em>useragent</em>279specified or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> entry for this parameter has invalid280syntax, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>281<div class="versionadded">282<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.6.</span></p>283</div>284</dd></dl>285 286<dl class="py method">287<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.site_maps">288<span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">site_maps</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser.site_maps" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>289<dd><p>Returns the contents of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Sitemap</span></code> parameter from290<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> in the form of a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list()</span></code></a>. If there is no such291parameter or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">robots.txt</span></code> entry for this parameter has292invalid syntax, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>293<div class="versionadded">294<p><span class="versionmodified added">Added in version 3.8.</span></p>295</div>296</dd></dl>297 298</dd></dl>299 300<p>The following example demonstrates basic use of the <a class="reference internal" href="#urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser" title="urllib.robotparser.RobotFileParser"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RobotFileParser</span></code></a>301class:</p>302<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">urllib.robotparser</span>303<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urllib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">robotparser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">RobotFileParser</span><span class="p">()</span>304<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"http://www.pythontest.net/robots.txt"</span><span class="p">)</span>305<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>306<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rrate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">request_rate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"*"</span><span class="p">)</span>307<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rrate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">requests</span>308<span class="go">1</span>309<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rrate</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seconds</span>310<span class="go">1</span>311<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crawl_delay</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"*"</span><span class="p">)</span>312<span class="go">6</span>313<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">can_fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"*"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"http://www.pythontest.net/"</span><span class="p">)</span>314<span class="go">True</span>315<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">rp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">can_fetch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"*"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"http://www.pythontest.net/no-robots-here/"</span><span class="p">)</span>316<span class="go">False</span>317</pre></div>318</div>319</section>320 321 322 <div class="clearer"></div>323 </div>324 </div>325 </div>326 <div 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