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1{#
2  Template: Google Gemma 4 Canonical Chat Template
3  Author: Google Gemma Engineering Team
4  Published: 2026-07-09
5  Context: Fixed tool-calling loops, turn closures, and thinking content-ordering.
6#}
7{%- macro format_parameters(properties, required, filter_keys=false) -%}
8    {%- set standard_keys = ['description', 'type', 'properties', 'required', 'nullable'] -%}
9    {%- set ns = namespace(found_first=false) -%}
10    {%- for key, value in properties | dictsort -%}
11        {%- set add_comma = false -%}
12        {%- if not filter_keys or key not in standard_keys -%}
13            {%- if ns.found_first %},{% endif -%}
14            {%- set ns.found_first = true -%}
15            {{ key }}:{
16            {%- if value['description'] -%}
17                description:<|"|>{{ value['description'] }}<|"|>
18                {%- set add_comma = true -%}
19            {%- endif -%}
20            {%- if value['type'] | upper == 'STRING' -%}
21                {%- if value['enum'] -%}
22                    {%- if add_comma %},{%- else -%} {%- set add_comma = true -%} {% endif -%}
23                    enum:{{ format_argument(value['enum']) }}
24                {%- endif -%}
25            {%- elif value['type'] | upper == 'ARRAY' -%}
26                {%- if value['items'] is mapping and value['items'] -%}
27                    {%- if add_comma %},{%- else -%} {%- set add_comma = true -%} {% endif -%}
28                    items:{
29                    {%- set ns_items = namespace(found_first=false) -%}
30                    {%- for item_key, item_value in value['items'] | dictsort -%}
31                        {%- if item_value is not none -%}
32                            {%- if ns_items.found_first %},{% endif -%}
33                            {%- set ns_items.found_first = true -%}
34                            {%- if item_key == 'properties' -%}
35                                properties:{
36                                {%- if item_value is mapping -%}
37                                    {{- format_parameters(item_value, value['items']['required'] | default([])) -}}
38                                {%- endif -%}
39                                }
40                            {%- elif item_key == 'required' -%}
41                                required:[
42                                {%- for req_item in item_value -%}
43                                    <|"|>{{- req_item -}}<|"|>
44                                    {%- if not loop.last %},{% endif -%}
45                                {%- endfor -%}
46                                ]
47                            {%- elif item_key == 'type' -%}
48                                {%- if item_value is string -%}
49                                    type:{{ format_argument(item_value | upper) }}
50                                {%- else -%}
51                                    type:{{ format_argument(item_value | map('upper') | list) }}
52                                {%- endif -%}
53                            {%- else -%}
54                                {{ item_key }}:{{ format_argument(item_value) }}
55                            {%- endif -%}
56                        {%- endif -%}
57                    {%- endfor -%}
58                    }
59                {%- endif -%}
60            {%- endif -%}
61            {%- if value['nullable'] %}
62                {%- if add_comma %},{%- else -%} {%- set add_comma = true -%} {% endif -%}
63                nullable:true
64            {%- endif -%}
65            {%- if value['type'] | upper == 'OBJECT' -%}
66                {%- if value['properties'] is defined and value['properties'] is mapping -%}
67                    {%- if add_comma %},{%- else -%} {%- set add_comma = true -%} {% endif -%}
68                    properties:{
69                    {{- format_parameters(value['properties'], value['required'] | default([])) -}}
70                    }
71                {%- elif value is mapping -%}
72                    {%- if add_comma %},{%- else -%} {%- set add_comma = true -%} {% endif -%}
73                    properties:{
74                    {{- format_parameters(value, value['required'] | default([]), filter_keys=true) -}}
75                    }
76                {%- endif -%}
77                {%- if value['required'] -%}
78                    {%- if add_comma %},{%- else -%} {%- set add_comma = true -%} {% endif -%}
79                    required:[
80                    {%- for item in value['required'] | default([]) -%}
81                        <|"|>{{- item -}}<|"|>
82                        {%- if not loop.last %},{% endif -%}
83                    {%- endfor -%}
84                    ]
85                {%- endif -%}
86            {%- endif -%}
87            {%- if add_comma %},{%- else -%} {%- set add_comma = true -%} {% endif -%}
88            type:<|"|>{{ value['type'] | upper }}<|"|>}
89        {%- endif -%}
90    {%- endfor -%}
91{%- endmacro -%}
92{%- macro format_function_declaration(tool_data) -%}
93    declaration:{{- tool_data['function']['name'] -}}{description:<|"|>{{- tool_data['function']['description'] -}}<|"|>
94    {%- set params = tool_data['function']['parameters'] -%}
95    {%- if params -%}
96        ,parameters:{
97        {%- if params['properties'] -%}
98            properties:{ {{- format_parameters(params['properties'], params['required']) -}} },
99        {%- endif -%}
100        {%- if params['required'] -%}
101            required:[
102            {%- for item in params['required'] -%}
103                <|"|>{{- item -}}<|"|>
104                {{- ',' if not loop.last -}}
105            {%- endfor -%}
106            ],
107        {%- endif -%}
108        {%- if params['type'] -%}
109            type:<|"|>{{- params['type'] | upper -}}<|"|>}
110        {%- endif -%}
111    {%- endif -%}
112    {%- if 'response' in tool_data['function'] -%}
113        {%- set response_declaration = tool_data['function']['response'] -%}
114        ,response:{
115        {%- if response_declaration['description'] -%}
116            description:<|"|>{{- response_declaration['description'] -}}<|"|>,
117        {%- endif -%}
118        {%- if response_declaration['type'] | upper == 'OBJECT' -%}
119            type:<|"|>{{- response_declaration['type'] | upper -}}<|"|>}
120        {%- endif -%}
121    {%- endif -%}
122    }
123{%- endmacro -%}
124{%- macro format_argument(argument, escape_keys=True) -%}
125    {%- if argument is none -%}
126        {{- 'null' -}}
127    {%- elif argument is string -%}
128        {{- '<|"|>' + argument + '<|"|>' -}}
129    {%- elif argument is boolean -%}
130        {{- 'true' if argument else 'false' -}}
131    {%- elif argument is mapping -%}
132        {{- '{' -}}
133        {%- set ns = namespace(found_first=false) -%}
134        {%- for key, value in argument | dictsort -%}
135            {%- if ns.found_first %},{% endif -%}
136            {%- set ns.found_first = true -%}
137            {%- if escape_keys -%}
138                {{- '<|"|>' + key + '<|"|>' -}}
139            {%- else -%}
140                {{- key -}}
141            {%- endif -%}
142            :{{- format_argument(value, escape_keys=escape_keys) -}}
143        {%- endfor -%}
144        {{- '}' -}}
145    {%- elif argument is sequence -%}
146        {{- '[' -}}
147        {%- for item in argument -%}
148            {{- format_argument(item, escape_keys=escape_keys) -}}
149            {%- if not loop.last %},{% endif -%}
150        {%- endfor -%}
151        {{- ']' -}}
152    {%- else -%}
153        {{- argument -}}
154    {%- endif -%}
155{%- endmacro -%}
156{%- macro strip_thinking(text) -%}
157    {%- set ns = namespace(result='') -%}
158    {%- for part in text.split('<channel|>') -%}
159        {%- if '<|channel>' in part -%}
160            {%- set ns.result = ns.result + part.split('<|channel>')[0] -%}
161        {%- else -%}
162            {%- set ns.result = ns.result + part -%}
163        {%- endif -%}
164    {%- endfor -%}
165    {{- ns.result | trim -}}
166{%- endmacro -%}
167
168{%- macro format_tool_response_block(tool_name, response) -%}
169    {{- '<|tool_response>' -}}
170    {%- if response is mapping -%}
171        {{- 'response:' + tool_name + '{' -}}
172        {%- for key, value in response | dictsort -%}
173            {{- key -}}:{{- format_argument(value, escape_keys=False) -}}
174            {%- if not loop.last %},{% endif -%}
175        {%- endfor -%}
176        {{- '}' -}}
177    {%- else -%}
178        {{- 'response:' + tool_name + '{value:' + format_argument(response, escape_keys=False) + '}' -}}
179    {%- endif -%}
180    {{- '<tool_response|>' -}}
181{%- endmacro -%}
182
183{#- ===== SETUP ===== -#}
184{%- set ns = namespace(prev_message_type=None, prev_non_tool_role=None) -%}
185{%- set loop_messages = messages -%}
186{%- set enable_thinking = enable_thinking | default(false) -%}
187{%- set preserve_thinking = preserve_thinking | default(false) -%}
188{{- bos_token -}}
189{#- Handle System/Tool Definitions Block -#}
190{%- if enable_thinking or tools or (messages and messages[0]['role'] in ['system', 'developer']) -%}
191    {{- '<|turn>system\n' -}}
192    {#- Inject Thinking token at the very top of the FIRST system turn -#}
193    {%- if enable_thinking -%}
194        {{- '<|think|>\n' -}}
195        {%- set ns.prev_message_type = 'think' -%}
196    {%- endif -%}
197    {%- if messages and messages[0]['role'] in ['system', 'developer'] -%}
198        {%- if messages[0]['content'] is string -%}
199            {{- messages[0]['content'] | trim -}}
200        {%- elif messages[0]['content'] is sequence -%}
201            {%- for item in messages[0]['content'] -%}
202                {{- item['text'] | trim + ' '-}}
203            {%- endfor -%}
204        {%- endif -%}
205        {%- set loop_messages = messages[1:] -%}
206    {%- endif -%}
207    {%- if tools -%}
208        {%- for tool in tools %}
209            {{- '<|tool>' -}}
210            {{- format_function_declaration(tool) | trim -}}
211            {{- '<tool|>' -}}
212        {%- endfor %}
213        {%- set ns.prev_message_type = 'tool' -%}
214    {%- endif -%}
215    {{- '<turn|>\n' -}}
216{%- endif %}
217
218{#- Pre-scan: find last user message index for reasoning guard -#}
219{%- set ns_turn = namespace(last_user_idx=-1) -%}
220{%- for i in range(loop_messages | length) -%}
221    {%- if loop_messages[i]['role'] == 'user' -%}
222        {%- set ns_turn.last_user_idx = i -%}
223    {%- endif -%}
224{%- endfor -%}
225
226{#- Loop through messages -#}
227{%- for message in loop_messages -%}
228    {%- if message['role'] != 'tool' -%}
229    {%- set ns.prev_message_type = None -%}
230    {%- set role = 'model' if message['role'] == 'assistant' else message['role'] -%}
231    {#- Detect continuation using tracked state — O(1) instead of O(n) backward scan -#}
232    {%- set continue_same_model_turn = (role == 'model' and ns.prev_non_tool_role == 'assistant') -%}
233    {%- if not continue_same_model_turn -%}
234        {{- '<|turn>' + role + '\n' }}
235    {%- endif -%}
236
237    {#- Render reasoning/reasoning_content as thinking channel -#}
238    {%- set thinking_text = message.get('reasoning') or message.get('reasoning_content') -%}
239    {%- set thinking_gate = (loop.index0 > ns_turn.last_user_idx) or (preserve_thinking and message.get('tool_calls')) -%}
240    {%- if thinking_text and thinking_gate -%}
241        {{- '<|channel>thought\n' + thinking_text + '\n<channel|>' -}}
242    {%- endif -%}
243
244            {%- if message.get('tool_calls') -%}
245                {%- for tool_call in message.get('tool_calls') -%}
246                    {%- set function = tool_call['function'] -%}
247                    {{- '<|tool_call>call:' + function['name'] + '{' -}}
248                    {%- if function['arguments'] is mapping -%}
249                        {%- set ns_args = namespace(found_first=false) -%}
250                        {%- for key, value in function['arguments'] | dictsort -%}
251                            {%- if ns_args.found_first %},{% endif -%}
252                            {%- set ns_args.found_first = true -%}
253                            {{- key -}}:{{- format_argument(value, escape_keys=False) -}}
254                        {%- endfor -%}
255                    {%- elif function['arguments'] is none -%}
256                    {%- else -%}
257                        {{- raise_exception(
258                            "chat_template: tool_calls[].function.arguments must be a "
259                            "JSON object (mapping), not a string. Deserialize arguments "
260                            "before passing to the template."
261                        ) -}}
262                    {%- endif -%}
263                    {{- '}<tool_call|>' -}}
264                {%- endfor -%}
265                {%- set ns.prev_message_type = 'tool_call' -%}
266            {%- endif -%}
267
268            {%- set ns_tr_out = namespace(flag=false) -%}
269            {%- if message.get('tool_responses') -%}
270                {#- Legacy: tool_responses embedded on the assistant message (Google/Gemma native) -#}
271                {%- for tool_response in message.get('tool_responses') -%}
272                    {{- format_tool_response_block(tool_response['name'] | default('unknown', true), tool_response['response']) -}}
273                    {%- set ns_tr_out.flag = true -%}
274                    {%- set ns.prev_message_type = 'tool_response' -%}
275                {%- endfor -%}
276            {%- elif message.get('tool_calls') -%}
277                {#- OpenAI Chat Completions: forward-scan consecutive role:tool messages -#}
278                {%- set ns_tool_scan = namespace(stopped=false) -%}
279                {%- for k in range(loop.index0 + 1, loop_messages | length) -%}
280                    {%- if ns_tool_scan.stopped -%}
281                    {%- elif loop_messages[k]['role'] != 'tool' -%}
282                        {%- set ns_tool_scan.stopped = true -%}
283                    {%- else -%}
284                        {%- set follow = loop_messages[k] -%}
285                        {#- Resolve tool_call_id to function name -#}
286                        {%- set ns_tname = namespace(name=follow.get('name') or 'unknown') -%}
287                        {%- for tc in message.get('tool_calls') -%}
288                            {%- if tc.get('id') == follow.get('tool_call_id') -%}
289                                {%- set ns_tname.name = tc['function']['name'] -%}
290                            {%- endif -%}
291                        {%- endfor -%}
292                        {#- Handle content as string or content-parts array -#}
293                        {%- set tool_body = follow.get('content') -%}
294                        {%- if tool_body is string -%}
295                            {{- format_tool_response_block(ns_tname.name, tool_body) -}}
296                        {%- elif tool_body is sequence and tool_body is not string -%}
297                            {%- set ns_txt = namespace(s='') -%}
298                            {%- for part in tool_body -%}
299                                {%- if part.get('type') == 'text' -%}
300                                    {%- set ns_txt.s = ns_txt.s + (part.get('text') | default('')) -%}
301                                {%- endif -%}
302                            {%- endfor -%}
303                            {{- format_tool_response_block(ns_tname.name, ns_txt.s) -}}
304                            {%- for part in tool_body -%}
305                                {%- if part.get('type') in ['image', 'image_url'] -%}
306                                    {{- '<|image|>' -}}
307                                {%- elif part.get('type') in ['audio', 'input_audio'] -%}
308                                    {{- '<|audio|>' -}}
309                                {%- elif part.get('type') == 'video' -%}
310                                    {{- '<|video|>' -}}
311                                {%- endif -%}
312                            {%- endfor -%}
313                        {%- else -%}
314                            {{- format_tool_response_block(ns_tname.name, tool_body) -}}
315                        {%- endif -%}
316                        {%- set ns_tr_out.flag = true -%}
317                        {%- set ns.prev_message_type = 'tool_response' -%}
318                    {%- endif -%}
319                {%- endfor -%}
320            {%- endif -%}
321
322            {%- set captured_content -%}
323            {%- if message.get('content') is string -%}
324                {%- if role == 'model' -%}
325                    {{- strip_thinking(message['content']) -}}
326                {%- else -%}
327                    {{- message['content'] | trim -}}
328                {%- endif -%}
329            {%- elif message.get('content') is sequence -%}
330                {%- for item in message['content'] -%}
331                    {%- if item.get('type') == 'text' -%}
332                        {%- if role == 'model' -%}
333                            {{- strip_thinking(item['text']) -}}
334                        {%- else -%}
335                            {{- item['text'] | trim -}}
336                        {%- endif -%}
337                    {%- elif item.get('type') in ['image', 'image_url'] -%}
338                        {{- '<|image|>' -}}
339                    {%- elif item.get('type') in ['audio', 'input_audio'] -%}
340                        {{- '<|audio|>' -}}
341                    {%- elif item.get('type') == 'video' -%}
342                        {{- '<|video|>' -}}
343                    {%- endif -%}
344                {%- endfor -%}
345            {%- endif -%}
346            {%- endset -%}
347
348            {{- captured_content -}}
349            {%- set has_content = captured_content | trim | length > 0 -%}
350
351        {#- Forward-scan: find next non-tool message role for continuation detection -#}
352        {%- set next_nt = namespace(role=None, found=false) -%}
353        {%- for j in range(loop.index0 + 1, loop_messages | length) -%}
354            {%- if not next_nt.found -%}
355                {%- if loop_messages[j]['role'] != 'tool' -%}
356                    {%- set next_nt.role = loop_messages[j]['role'] -%}
357                    {%- set next_nt.found = true -%}
358                {%- endif -%}
359            {%- endif -%}
360        {%- endfor -%}
361
362        {%- set continues_into_next = (
363            role == 'model'
364            and next_nt.role == 'assistant'
365            and (not message.get('tool_calls') or ns_tr_out.flag)
366        ) -%}
367
368        {%- if ns.prev_message_type == 'tool_call' and not ns_tr_out.flag -%}
369            {{- '<|tool_response>' -}}
370        {%- elif continues_into_next -%}
371        {%- elif not (ns_tr_out.flag and not has_content and not next_nt.found) -%}
372            {{- '<turn|>\n' -}}
373        {%- endif -%}
374
375    {#- Track previous non-tool role for next iteration (avoids O(n) backward scan) -#}
376    {%- set ns.prev_non_tool_role = message['role'] -%}
377    {%- endif -%}
378{%- endfor -%}
379
380{%- if add_generation_prompt -%}
381    {%- if ns.prev_message_type != 'tool_response' and ns.prev_message_type != 'tool_call' -%}
382        {{- '<|turn>model\n' -}}
383    {%- elif ns.prev_message_type == 'tool_response' and enable_thinking -%}
384        {{- '<|channel>thought\n' -}}
385    {%- endif -%}
386{%- endif -%}
387